Karakteristik Wirausaha, Tingkat Pendidikan dan Karakteristik Usaha Sebagai Penentu Keberhasilan Bisnis Pariwisata di Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil

Authors

  • Fenri A. S. Tupamahu Universitas Pattimura
  • Dessy Balik Universitas Kristen Indonesia Maluku
  • Eduard Yohannis Tamaela STIA Said Perintah

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31959/jm.v10i1.636

Keywords:

Entrepreneurial Characteristics, Level of Education, Business Characteristics, Business Success

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the determinants of the success of the tourism business in coastal areas and small islands. This type of research is an exsplanatory study. The number of samples analyzed was 137 respondents, the sample selection in this study, using simple random sampling technique. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. The findings of this study explain that, the entrepreneurial characteristics indicated in terms of, characteristics of faith, self-confidence, courageous, independent, persevering, aggressive, applicative, and open communication are proven to influence the success of the tourism business. This study reveals the findings that the level of education in terms of formal education, suitability of science and non-formal education has no real influence on the success of the tourism business. The results of the research prove that the characteristics of the business in terms of business origin, length of business, business scale, and characteristics of business operations have a positive effect on business success. The results also prove that entrepreneurial characteristics, education level and business characteristics influence simultaneously as a determinant of the success of tourism business in coastal areas and small islands.

Author Biography

Eduard Yohannis Tamaela, STIA Said Perintah

Program Studi Niaga

References

A’inun, F. N., Krisnani, H., & Darwis, R. S. (2015). Pengembangan Desa Wisata Melalui Konsep Community Based Tourism. Prosiding Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. https://doi.org/10.24198/jppm.v2i3.13581

Abdulwahab, M. H., & Al-damen, R. A. (2015). The Impact of Entrepreneurs ’ Characteristics on Small Business Success at Medical Instruments Supplies Organizations in Jordan Amman Arab University Business Administration Department Amman Arab University. International Journal of Business and Social Science.

Alegre, I., & Berbegal-Mirabent, J. (2016). Social Innovation Success Factors: Hospitality And Tourism Social Enterprises. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2014-0231

Alfriani Maria, F., & Ida Ayu, S. (2013). Studi Pengembangan Wisata Bahari Untuk Pantai Natsepa Kota Ambon Provinsi Maluku. Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen.

Ali, O., & Eltahir, B. (2018). Factors Affecting The Performance And Business Success Of Small & Medium Enterprises In Sudan. In International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research.

Amin, D. Y. (2019). Kajian Pengembangan Obyek Wisata Bahari Pantai Hunimua Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. IAIN Ambon, 53(9), 1689–1699. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

Aminul Islam, M., Aktaruzzaman Khan, M., Obaidullah, A. Z. M., & Syed Alam, M. (2011). Effect of Entrepreneur and Firm Characteristics on the Business Success of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v6n3p289

Arawati, A., Mohd Radzuan Rahid, Zafir Khan Mohamed Makhbul, & Hasund, F. M. (2008). Examining the Influence of Entrepreneurial Characteristics on Business Performance. E-Rep, December.

Artini, Y. D. (2015). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (MSDM) Berbasis Kompetensi sebagai Strategi Membangun Organisasi Kompetitif. EFISIENSI - KAJIAN ILMU ADMINISTRASI. https://doi.org/10.21831/efisiensi.v11i2.3989

Balik, D., Joseph, C. N., & Silaya, M. (2018). Pengaruh Kecerdasan Spiritual, Kecerdasan Emosional terhadap keterampilan Manajerial dan Kinerja UKM (Studi Pada Wirausaha Kristen Di Kota Ambon). Jurnal SOSOQ.

Balik, D., Tuhuteru, J., & Joseph, C. N. (2020). Implementasi Packaging Strategy Guna Meningkatkan Daya Saing Usaha Kue Tradisional Berbahan Baku Sagu. MAREN: Jurnal Pengabdian Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, 1(1), 11–17.

Berry, A., Rodriguez, E., & Sandee, H. (2002). Firm And Group Dynamics In The Small And Medium Enterprise Sector In Indonesia. Small Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015186023309

Bhuiyan, A. H., Siwar, C., & Ismail, S. M. (2013). Tourism Development In Malaysia From The Perspective Of Development Plans. Asian Social Science. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n9p11

Chiliya, N., & Lombard, M. R. (2012). Impact of Level of Education and Experience on Profitability of Small Grocery Shops in South Africa. International Journal Business Management Economic Resources.

Chittithaworn, C., Islam, A., Keawchana, T., & Yusuf, D. H. M. (2011). Factors Affecting Business Success Of Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) In Thailand. Asian Social Science. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v7n5p180

Dahuri, R. (2001). Pengelolaan Ruang Wilayah Pesisir Dan Lautan Seiring Dengan Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah. Jurnal Sosial Dan Pembangunan. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v17i2.38

Durbarry, R. (2004). Tourism And Economic Growth: The Case Of Mauritius. Tourism Economics. https://doi.org/10.5367/0000000042430962

Dwyer, L., Deery, M., Jago, L., Spurr, R., & Fredline, L. (2007). Adapting The Tourism Satellite Account Conceptual Framework To Measure The Economic Importance Of The Meetings Industry. Tourism Analysis. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354207782212459

Ekanayake, E. (2012). Tourism Development and Economic Growth in Developing Countries. The International Journal of Business and Finance Research.

Elysia, V. (2014). Kajian Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil di Kabupaten Kaimana, Papua Barat. Jurnal Forum Ilmiah.

Febriana, Y. E., & Pangestuti, E. (2018). Analisis Dampak Pengembangan Kepariwisataan dalam Menunjang Keberlanjutan Ekonomi dan Sosial Budaya Lokal Masyarakat. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB).

Ferdinand, A. (2011). Metode Penelitian Manajemen Pedoman Penelitian untuk Penulisan Skripsi Tesis dan disertai Ilmu Manajemen. In Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro.

Fretes, R., Santoso, P., Soenoko, R., & Astuti, M. (2013). Strategi Perencanaan Dan Pengembangan Industri Pariwisata Dengan Menggunakan Metode Swot Dan Qspm (Studi Kasus Kecamatan Leitimur Selatan Kota Ambon). Rekayasa Mesin. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jrm

Friliyantin; Vitayala, Aida; Hubeis; Aris, M. (2009). Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Mikro dan Kecil Sektor Wisata Bahari di Pulau Kecil (Studi Kasus Pulau Bunaken, Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara). Manajemen IKM, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.29244/55-63

Ghozali, I. (2013). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete. In Badan Penerbit Universitas Dipenegoro.

Gunawan, M. P. (1996). Domestic Tourism In Indonesia. Tourism Recreation Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.1996.11014764

Hiariey, L. S., & Sahusilawane, W. (2013). Dampak Pariwisata Terhadap Pendapatan Dan Tingkat Kesejahteraan Pelaku Usaha Di Kawasan Wisata Pantai Natsepa, Pulau Ambon. Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen.

Hill, J., Mcgowan, P., & Drummond, P. (1999). The Development And Application Of A Qualitative Approach To Researching The Marketing Networks Of Small Firm Entrepreneurs. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/13522759910269982

Indarto, & Djoko, S. (2020). Karakteristik Wirausaha, Karakteristik Usaha Dan Lingkungan Usaha Penentu Kesuksesan Usaha Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah. Jurnal Riset Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 13(1), 54–69.

Isa Wahyudi. (2014). Konsep Pengembangan Pariwisata. Http://Cvinspireconsulting.Com/Konsep-Pengembangan-Pariwisata/.

Isaga, N. (2018). The Relationship Of Personality To Cognitive Characteristics And SME Performance In Tanzania. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-02-2017-0067

Ja’far Ismail, M., Mawardi, M., & Iqbal, M. (2017). Analisis Dampak Sosial Ekonomi Pengembangan Pariwisata Kota Batu Bagi Kawasan Sekitar (Studi Pada Kecamatan Karangploso Kabupaten Malang). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis S1 Universitas Brawijaya.

Janghoon, L. (2010). The Impact of Venture Capital Assistance on the Performance of Software Venture Businesses. Martin School of Public Policy and Administration Graduate Capstone.

Jiang, Y., & Ritchie, B. W. (2017). Disaster Collaboration In Tourism: Motives, Impediments And Success Factors. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.09.004

Kausar, D. R. K., & Gunawan, M. P. (2018). Managing Heritage Tourism In Toraja: Strengthening Local Values And Improving Tourists’ Experiences. Journal of Heritage Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2017.1411356

Kristian, I. (2019). Konsep Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Secara Terpadu Dan Berkelanjutan Yang Berbasis Masyarakat. Jurnal RASI.

Lee, C. C., & Chang, C. P. (2008). Tourism Development And Economic Growth: A Closer Look At Panels. Tourism Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.02.013

Lerner, M., & Haber, S. (2001). Performance Factors Of Small Tourism Ventures: The Interface Of Tourism, Entrepreneurship And The Environment. Journal of Business Venturing. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00038-5

Lewankiky, L., Cangara, H., & Unde, A. A. (2018). Citra Ambon Manise Pasca Konflik Sosial : (Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Wisata Alam Pantai Di Pulau Ambon). In KAREBA : Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi. https://doi.org/10.31947/KJIK.V6I1.5170

Li, X., & Jia, Y. (2015). Characteristics Influence for Entrepreneurship Behavior Ability. https://doi.org/10.2991/emcs-15.2015.123

Margono, F. A., Anggadwita, G., Bisnis, F. E., & Telkom, U. (2020). Identifikasi Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keberlangsungan Tourism Entrepreneurship Di Desa Wisata Ciburial. 7(1), 213–219.

Min,Kyung-Se, & Ahn, Sang Chul. (2011). A Study on the Effects of Characteristics of Female Corporate Founders on Managerial Achievements. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.6.4.201112.1

Nainggolan, R. (2016). Gender, Tingkat Pendidikan Dan Lama Usaha Sebagai Determinan Penghasilan UMKM Kota Surabaya. KINERJA. https://doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v20i1.693

Primiana, I. (2009). Menggerakkan Sektor Riil UKM dan Industri. Ekonomi Studi Pembangunan.

Purwanti, E. (2012). Pengaruh Karakteristik Wirausaha, Modal Usaha, Strategi Pemasaran Terhadap Perkembangan UMKM Di Desa Dayaan Dan Kalilondo Salatiga. Among Makarti.

Riyanti, D. (2003). Kewirausahaan Dari Sudut Pandang Psikologi Kepribadian. In PT GRASSINDO.

Rondonuwu, M. (2013). Tingkat Pendidikan, Motivasi Dan Promosi Pengaruhnya Terhadap Keputusan Penggunaan Produk Nasabah Priority Banking Bank Sulut. Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi. https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v1i3.1734

Saimima, R. M., Zpalanzani, A., & Mutiaz, I. R. (2019). Pemetaan Industri Pariwisata Maluku Sebagai Landasan Perancangan Strategi Merek ‘Baronda Maluku.’ Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah. https://doi.org/10.31599/jki.v19i1.372

Saputra, A., & Mulasari, S. A. (2015). Faktor - Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keberhasilan Usaha Pengepul Sampah Di Kota Yogyakarta. Optimum: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan. https://doi.org/10.12928/optimum.v5i1.7791

Sihasale, D. A. (2013). Keanekaragaman Hayati Di Kawasan Pantai Kota Ambon Dan Konsekuensi Untuk Pengembangan Pariwisata Pesisir. Journal of Indonesian Tourism and Development Studies. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jitode.2013.001.01.04

Surugiu, C., & Surugiu, M. R. (2013). Is The Tourism Sector Supportive Of Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence On Romanian Tourism. Tourism Economics. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0196

Suryana. (2019). Kewirausahaan Pedoman Praktis: Kiat dan Proses Menuju Sukses. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

Suyatno, P. C. (2010). Pengaruh Motivasi Dan Kompetensi Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Pada PT Galamedia Bandung Perkasa. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kewirausahaan, 177–184. https://doi.org/10.17509/manajerial.v9i2.1807

Tan, W.-L., Williams, J., & Tan, T.-M. (2005). Defining the ‘Social’ in ‘Social Entrepreneurship’: Altruism and Entrepreneurship. The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-005-2600-x

Tupamahu, F. A. S. (2010). Keunggulan Kompetitif Berkelanjutan (Sustainable Competitive Advantage) Pada Usaha Kecil Dan Usaha Mikro Anak Negeri Maluku. In Universitas Brawijaya (Vol. 1, Issue 20).

Tupamahu, F. A. S. (2015). Integrasi Budaya Terhadap Kapabilitas Dan Keunggulan Kompetitif Berkelanjutan (Sustainable Competitive Advantage) UsahaKecil Dan Usaha Mikro Etnis Maluku Di Kota Ambon. UNISSULA.

von der Weppen, J., & Cochrane, J. (2012). Social Enterprises In Tourism: An Exploratory Study Of Operational Models And Success Factors. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.663377

Wijayanti, A., Wijayanti, A., & Samrotun, Y. C. (2016). Pengaruh Karakteristik Perusahaan, GCG Dan CSR Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Seminar Nasional IENACO –.

Wijayanto, A. (2016). Pengaruh Karakteristik Wirausahawan Terhadap Tingkat Keberhasilan Usaha. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial. https://doi.org/10.14710/jis.12.1.2013.16-28

Published

2021-07-01

Issue

Section

Articles