GIG WORKERS PERFORMANCE: WORKLOAD AND JOB INSECURITY IMPACTS THROUGH WORK STRESS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31959/jm.v15i3.4043Abstract
Introduction: This study aims to analyze the effect of workload and job insecurity on employee performance, both directly and through work stress as a mediating variable, among Shopee Express partner couriers at the Palimanan, Depok, and Kedawung Hubs in Cirebon Regency. The rapid growth of e-commerce logistics has increased courier workloads without a corresponding improvement in the employment protection and welfare of these gig workers.
Methods: This research applies a quantitative approach using purposive sampling, involving 116 respondents determined through the Isaac and Michael formula. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.0.
Results: The results indicate that workload and job insecurity have a positive and significant effect on work stress. Workload and work stress have a significant negative effect on employee performance, whereas job insecurity has no significant direct effect on performance. Work stress partially mediates the effect of workload on performance and fully mediates the effect of job insecurity on performance, confirming that excessive workload and job insecurity reduce courier performance mainly by elevating psychological work stress.
Conclusion and suggestion: These findings confirm that workload and job insecurity significantly increase work stress, which in turn reduces employee performance. Shopee Express management is advised to manage workloads more proportionally, improve transparency of its incentive and partnership systems, and develop work stress management programs to sustain courier performance.
Keywords: Workload, Job Insecurity, Work Stress, Employee Performance, gig workers.
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